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Severe Plastic Deformation Technology
This book is the first to cover the engineering aspects of severe plastic deformation (SPD) technology used to refine grain structure in metallic materials.The fundamentals of both the well-known and novel SPD processes are explained and the engineering know-how required for successful implementation of these processes revealed.The principles of each SPD technique are explained and insight provided into the mechanics of material deformation and microstructural changes.The equipment used for SPD processing is described including machines and tools.The book covers the most popular SPD process of equal channel angular pressing, ECAP and its incremental version, I-ECAP.A separate chapter is devoted to tooling used in ECAP/I-ECAP.Another popular SPD process is high pressure torsion (HPT), which produces very good results in terms of refining grain structure but faces some technical challenges.A less known SPD process is cyclic extrusion compression (CEC), which is thoroughly explained as is twist extrusion (TE) which is a relatively new process that is showing good potential.Finally, an original SPD process of accumulated roll bonding (ARB), capable of refining grain structure in sheets, is discussed. The book is intended for students and researchers working in the field of refining grain structure of metals by SPD.By explaining the engineering aspects of SPD, it enables the best SPD process to be chosen for a given application thus avoiding time-consuming and wasteful trials.It also encourages metal forming researchers and material scientists to work together in order to improve existing and develop new SPD processes.Finally, this book is also for industrial engineers, who will ultimately be using the SPD technology for mass production of metals with refined grain structure and improved properties.
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Pioneering Progress : American Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy
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ToughBuild Genuine Deformation Scraper Art Knife Wall Paper Deformation Metal Heavy Deformation Tool
ToughBuild Genuine Deformation Scraper Art Knife Wall Paper Deformation Metal Heavy Deformation Tool
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ToughBuild Genuine Deformation Scraper Art Knife Wall Paper Deformation Metal Heavy Deformation Tool
ToughBuild Genuine Deformation Scraper Art Knife Wall Paper Deformation Metal Heavy Deformation Tool
Price: 14.29 £ | Shipping*: 0 £
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What is deformation energy?
Deformation energy is the energy required to change the shape or size of a material. When a material is subjected to external forces, it undergoes deformation, which involves the rearrangement of its atomic structure. This process requires energy to overcome the forces holding the atoms together. Deformation energy is important in understanding the mechanical behavior of materials, such as their ability to withstand stress and strain.
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What is the temperature for glass deformation?
The temperature for glass deformation is typically around 600-700 degrees Celsius (1112-1292 degrees Fahrenheit). At this temperature range, the glass becomes soft and pliable, allowing it to be shaped or molded into different forms. It is important to note that the exact temperature for glass deformation can vary depending on the type of glass and its composition.
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What is the formula for deformation energy?
The formula for deformation energy is given by the equation: Deformation Energy = 1/2 * k * x^2, where k is the spring constant and x is the amount of deformation or displacement from the equilibrium position. This formula represents the potential energy stored in a deformed object, such as a spring, due to the work done in deforming it. The deformation energy increases quadratically with the amount of deformation, reflecting the relationship between the force applied and the resulting displacement.
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How does a headset cause head deformation?
A headset can cause head deformation if it is worn too tightly or for extended periods of time. The pressure from the headband and ear cups can compress the soft tissues and bones of the head, leading to temporary or even permanent deformation. Prolonged use of a headset that is too tight can also cause discomfort, headaches, and even damage to the skin and hair on the head. It's important to ensure that the headset is properly adjusted and not worn too tightly to avoid these issues.
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Handbook of Research on Science Teacher Education
This groundbreaking handbook offers a contemporary and thorough review of research relating directly to the preparation, induction, and career long professional learning of K–12 science teachers. Through critical and concise chapters, this volume provides essential insights into science teacher education that range from their learning as individuals to the programs that cultivate their knowledge and practices.Each chapter is a current review of research that depicts the area, and then points to empirically based conclusions or suggestions for science teacher educators or educational researchers.Issues associated with equity are embedded within each chapter.Drawing on the work of over one hundred contributors from across the globe, this handbook has 35 chapters that cover established, emergent, diverse, and pioneering areas of research, including: Research methods and methodologies in science teacher education, including discussions of the purpose of science teacher education research and equitable perspectives; Formal and informal teacher education programs that span from early childhood educators to the complexity of preparation, to the role of informal settings such as museums; Continuous professional learning of science teachers that supports building cultural responsiveness and teacher leadership; Core topics in science teacher education that focus on teacher knowledge, educative curricula, and working with all students; and Emerging areas in science teacher education such as STEM education, global education, and identity development. This comprehensive, in-depth text will be central to the work of science teacher educators, researchers in the field of science education, and all those who work closely with science teachers.
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Handbook of Research on Science Teacher Education
This groundbreaking handbook offers a contemporary and thorough review of research relating directly to the preparation, induction, and career long professional learning of K–12 science teachers. Through critical and concise chapters, this volume provides essential insights into science teacher education that range from their learning as individuals to the programs that cultivate their knowledge and practices.Each chapter is a current review of research that depicts the area, and then points to empirically based conclusions or suggestions for science teacher educators or educational researchers.Issues associated with equity are embedded within each chapter.Drawing on the work of over one hundred contributors from across the globe, this handbook has 35 chapters that cover established, emergent, diverse, and pioneering areas of research, including: Research methods and methodologies in science teacher education, including discussions of the purpose of science teacher education research and equitable perspectives; Formal and informal teacher education programs that span from early childhood educators to the complexity of preparation, to the role of informal settings such as museums; Continuous professional learning of science teachers that supports building cultural responsiveness and teacher leadership; Core topics in science teacher education that focus on teacher knowledge, educative curricula, and working with all students; and Emerging areas in science teacher education such as STEM education, global education, and identity development. This comprehensive, in-depth text will be central to the work of science teacher educators, researchers in the field of science education, and all those who work closely with science teachers.
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Handbook of Research on Science Education : Volume III
Volume III of this landmark synthesis of research offers a comprehensive, state-of-the-art survey highlighting new and emerging research perspectives in science education. Building on the foundations set in Volumes I and II, Volume III provides a globally minded, up-to-the-minute survey of the science education research community and represents the diversity of the field.Each chapter has been updated with new research and new content, and Volume III has been further developed to include new and expanded coverage on astronomy and space education, epistemic practices related to socioscientific issues,design-based research, interdisciplinary and STEM education, inclusive science education, and the global impact of nature of science and scientific inquiry literacy. As with the previous volumes, Volume III is organized around six themes: theory and methods of science education research; science learning; diversity and equity; science teaching; curriculum and assessment; and science teacher education.Each chapter presents an integrative review of the research on the topic it addresses, pulling together the existing research, working to understand historical trends and patterns in that body of scholarship, describing how the issue is conceptualized within the literature, how methods and theories have shaped the outcomes of the research, and where the strengths, weaknesses, and gaps are in the literature. Providing guidance to science education faculty, scholars, and graduate students, and pointing towards future directions of the field, Handbook of Research on Science Education Research, Volume III offers an essential resource to all members of the science education community.
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Gender Differences in Technology and Innovation Management : Insights from Experimental Research
Even though the number of working women has steadily increased over the last few years, women are still significantly under-represented in STEM activities (i.e. mathematics, informatics, science and technology). In order to eliminate this under-representation, numerous education policies and corporate initiatives, particularly in the recent past, have been aimed at increasing women's enthusiasm for STEM activities and professions.According to the latest surveys, however, it is clear that these efforts have not yet led to the desired success.Compared to their male counterparts, women continue to do fewer STEM activities. One possible reason for this is that relatively little is yet known about the concrete impact of the above education policies on working with innovation and technology: What are the gender differences between women and men?Is it enough to recognize these differences, or should these differences ideally not only be recognized, but also treated appropriately or even encouraged? This anthology deals with current topics in technology and innovation management against the background of these and other gender-relevant aspects.Empirical analyses and experiments in collaboration with companies from various sectors provide a sound scientific basis on which new results and findings are presented: How do women and men deal with creativity and competition?How are technologies applied and how can differences in access to technology be deduced? Answers to these and other questions help decision-makers in politics and business to proactively use the differences between women and men to motivate women to work in the STEM field and to strengthen them by acknowledging existing differences.
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What are examples of the deformation of forces?
Examples of the deformation of forces include stretching a rubber band, compressing a spring, bending a metal rod, and twisting a rope. In each of these examples, an external force is applied to the material, causing it to change shape or deform. This deformation occurs due to the internal forces within the material resisting the external force applied to it.
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What are examples of plastic and elastic deformation?
An example of plastic deformation is when a metal wire is bent and does not return to its original shape. This is because the metal has undergone permanent deformation. On the other hand, an example of elastic deformation is when a rubber band is stretched and then returns to its original shape once the force is removed. This is because the rubber band has undergone temporary deformation, but has not permanently changed its shape.
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How to calculate the stress tensor in deformation?
To calculate the stress tensor in deformation, one must first determine the forces acting on a material in various directions. These forces can be obtained through experimental measurements or theoretical calculations. Once the forces are known, the stress tensor can be calculated by dividing the force acting on a specific surface area by that area. This process is repeated for all possible orientations to obtain the full stress tensor, which describes the stress state at every point within the material undergoing deformation.
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What is the difference between plastic and elastic deformation?
Plastic deformation is a permanent change in shape or size of a material when stress is applied beyond its elastic limit, while elastic deformation is a temporary change that is reversible when the stress is removed. Plastic deformation involves the movement of dislocations within the material's structure, causing a permanent change in shape, while elastic deformation involves the stretching or compressing of the material's atomic bonds, which can return to their original state once the stress is released. Plastic deformation is typically seen in ductile materials like metals, while elastic deformation is more common in materials like rubber or springs.
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