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  • Cationic Polymerizations Guide, Volume 1 : Non-Living Polymerization of Olefins
    Cationic Polymerizations Guide, Volume 1 : Non-Living Polymerization of Olefins

    This book is the first of a series providing a comprehensive resource on cationic polymerization.All three volumes are written in a manner that is easy to comprehend, even by undergraduate college students, and are designed to help the reader decipher an otherwise complex subject.Topics for each volume are presented in an order that build successively on material presented in prior books.The series is comprehensive, so even those who are well-versed in the discipline will find invaluable information in each volume.Through study of these books, the reader can become an expert in this subset of polymer science without ever having attended courses on the subject. This first volume focuses on the most commercially-relevant technique: non-living polymerization of olefins.It provides a complete overview of methods (including those used industrially) that have been devised to effect such polymerizations, dating from the very inception of the technique through the present.From this, chemists can make educated choices on how to best design a polymerization system meeting their specific requirements.Mechanistic aspects of the chemistry are presented throughout the text with ample chemical drawings, and this information can help the reader develop new polymerization systems.This work also emphasizes improvements (many being reported for the first time) made to the green aspects of the cationic methodology, a facet of growing importance for today's chemist.This is the only book on cationic polymerization that contains a section dedicated to experimental techniques.The reader can use the information contained within both to safely conduct their own bench-top to pilot plant scale experimentation. The other volumes in the 3-part set are: Vol 2: Thermodynamics/Kinetics/Spectral Properties; Vol 3: Living Polymerizations.

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  • DC12.6V 10A Lithium Battery Charger 18650 Battery Charger 12.6V Polymerization Lithium Battery
    DC12.6V 10A Lithium Battery Charger 18650 Battery Charger 12.6V Polymerization Lithium Battery

    DC12.6V 10A Lithium Battery Charger 18650 Battery Charger 12.6V Polymerization Lithium Battery

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  • Pioneering Progress : American Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy
    Pioneering Progress : American Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy


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  • Handbook of Research on Science Teacher Education
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    This groundbreaking handbook offers a contemporary and thorough review of research relating directly to the preparation, induction, and career long professional learning of K–12 science teachers. Through critical and concise chapters, this volume provides essential insights into science teacher education that range from their learning as individuals to the programs that cultivate their knowledge and practices.Each chapter is a current review of research that depicts the area, and then points to empirically based conclusions or suggestions for science teacher educators or educational researchers.Issues associated with equity are embedded within each chapter.Drawing on the work of over one hundred contributors from across the globe, this handbook has 35 chapters that cover established, emergent, diverse, and pioneering areas of research, including: Research methods and methodologies in science teacher education, including discussions of the purpose of science teacher education research and equitable perspectives; Formal and informal teacher education programs that span from early childhood educators to the complexity of preparation, to the role of informal settings such as museums; Continuous professional learning of science teachers that supports building cultural responsiveness and teacher leadership; Core topics in science teacher education that focus on teacher knowledge, educative curricula, and working with all students; and Emerging areas in science teacher education such as STEM education, global education, and identity development. This comprehensive, in-depth text will be central to the work of science teacher educators, researchers in the field of science education, and all those who work closely with science teachers.

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  • Handbook of Research on Science Teacher Education
    Handbook of Research on Science Teacher Education

    This groundbreaking handbook offers a contemporary and thorough review of research relating directly to the preparation, induction, and career long professional learning of K–12 science teachers. Through critical and concise chapters, this volume provides essential insights into science teacher education that range from their learning as individuals to the programs that cultivate their knowledge and practices.Each chapter is a current review of research that depicts the area, and then points to empirically based conclusions or suggestions for science teacher educators or educational researchers.Issues associated with equity are embedded within each chapter.Drawing on the work of over one hundred contributors from across the globe, this handbook has 35 chapters that cover established, emergent, diverse, and pioneering areas of research, including: Research methods and methodologies in science teacher education, including discussions of the purpose of science teacher education research and equitable perspectives; Formal and informal teacher education programs that span from early childhood educators to the complexity of preparation, to the role of informal settings such as museums; Continuous professional learning of science teachers that supports building cultural responsiveness and teacher leadership; Core topics in science teacher education that focus on teacher knowledge, educative curricula, and working with all students; and Emerging areas in science teacher education such as STEM education, global education, and identity development. This comprehensive, in-depth text will be central to the work of science teacher educators, researchers in the field of science education, and all those who work closely with science teachers.

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  • Handbook of Research on Science Education : Volume III
    Handbook of Research on Science Education : Volume III

    Volume III of this landmark synthesis of research offers a comprehensive, state-of-the-art survey highlighting new and emerging research perspectives in science education. Building on the foundations set in Volumes I and II, Volume III provides a globally minded, up-to-the-minute survey of the science education research community and represents the diversity of the field.Each chapter has been updated with new research and new content, and Volume III has been further developed to include new and expanded coverage on astronomy and space education, epistemic practices related to socioscientific issues,design-based research, interdisciplinary and STEM education, inclusive science education, and the global impact of nature of science and scientific inquiry literacy. As with the previous volumes, Volume III is organized around six themes: theory and methods of science education research; science learning; diversity and equity; science teaching; curriculum and assessment; and science teacher education.Each chapter presents an integrative review of the research on the topic it addresses, pulling together the existing research, working to understand historical trends and patterns in that body of scholarship, describing how the issue is conceptualized within the literature, how methods and theories have shaped the outcomes of the research, and where the strengths, weaknesses, and gaps are in the literature. Providing guidance to science education faculty, scholars, and graduate students, and pointing towards future directions of the field, Handbook of Research on Science Education Research, Volume III offers an essential resource to all members of the science education community.

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    Makerspaces, Innovation and Science Education : How, Why, and What For?

    This book provides an overview to a range of theories in science and technology that inform the different ways in which makerspaces can be educative.Makerspaces are an indispensable site for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) instruction and pose novel risks and opportunities for STEM instruction.Educators are likely to reach towards activities that have a high degree of engagement, but this might result in observations like 'it looks like fun, but what are they learning?'. Beginning from the question of how we know what we know in science, the author asserts that understanding scientific knowledge requires us to know more than the abstract concepts typically presented in schools.The social and material aspects of knowledge are also important—these take the form of questions such as: What is the interplay between knowledge and power?How do we understand that we can have a ‘feel’ for materials and artefacts that we cannot completely describe in words?How do we know what ideas ought to be made real though technology and engineering?Significantly, this book also discusses the ethical dimensions of STEM education, in thinking about the kinds of STEM education that could be useful for open futures. This book will be useful to graduate students and educators seeking an expansive view of STEM education.More generally, these ideas outline a possible new strategy for a vision of school that is not merely training or preparing students for work.Education needs to also prepare students for sociopolitical participation, and with STEM being central to our contemporary lives, this book provides insights for how this can happen in makerspaces.

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  • Gender Differences in Technology and Innovation Management : Insights from Experimental Research
    Gender Differences in Technology and Innovation Management : Insights from Experimental Research

    Even though the number of working women has steadily increased over the last few years, women are still significantly under-represented in STEM activities (i.e. mathematics, informatics, science and technology). In order to eliminate this under-representation, numerous education policies and corporate initiatives, particularly in the recent past, have been aimed at increasing women's enthusiasm for STEM activities and professions.According to the latest surveys, however, it is clear that these efforts have not yet led to the desired success.Compared to their male counterparts, women continue to do fewer STEM activities. One possible reason for this is that relatively little is yet known about the concrete impact of the above education policies on working with innovation and technology: What are the gender differences between women and men?Is it enough to recognize these differences, or should these differences ideally not only be recognized, but also treated appropriately or even encouraged? This anthology deals with current topics in technology and innovation management against the background of these and other gender-relevant aspects.Empirical analyses and experiments in collaboration with companies from various sectors provide a sound scientific basis on which new results and findings are presented: How do women and men deal with creativity and competition?How are technologies applied and how can differences in access to technology be deduced? Answers to these and other questions help decision-makers in politics and business to proactively use the differences between women and men to motivate women to work in the STEM field and to strengthen them by acknowledging existing differences.

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Similar search terms for Polymerization:


  • Is suspension polymerization a radical polymerization?

    Yes, suspension polymerization is a type of radical polymerization. In suspension polymerization, monomers are dispersed in a liquid phase and polymerization is initiated by free radicals. These free radicals are typically generated through the use of initiators, such as peroxides, which break down to form reactive species that initiate the polymerization process. The formation of polymer chains through the addition of monomers to these radicals is a characteristic feature of radical polymerization.

  • What is the difference between polymerization and radical polymerization?

    Polymerization is the process of combining small molecules (monomers) to form a large molecule (polymer). Radical polymerization is a type of polymerization that involves the use of free radicals to initiate the polymerization reaction. The main difference between polymerization and radical polymerization is the mechanism of initiation. In polymerization, the reaction can be initiated by various methods such as heat, light, or a catalyst, while radical polymerization specifically involves the use of free radicals to start the reaction. Radical polymerization is often used to produce polymers with specific properties, such as high flexibility or toughness.

  • What are branches in radical polymerization?

    Branches in radical polymerization refer to side chains that extend from the main polymer chain. These side chains can result from the presence of branching agents or from chain transfer reactions during the polymerization process. Branches can affect the properties of the polymer, such as its mechanical strength, flexibility, and thermal properties. Controlling the branching in radical polymerization is important for tailoring the properties of the final polymer product.

  • How does the polymerization of polystyrene occur?

    Polystyrene polymerization occurs through a process called chain-growth polymerization. This process involves the repeated addition of monomer units (styrene molecules) to a growing polymer chain. It is initiated by a catalyst or initiator, which starts the reaction by breaking a chemical bond in the monomer. This creates a reactive site that can then bond with another monomer, leading to the formation of a polymer chain. As more and more monomers are added, the polymer chain grows in length, resulting in the formation of polystyrene.

  • What is the difference between polymerization and polycondensation?

    Polymerization is a process where monomers are chemically bonded together to form a polymer without the formation of any byproducts. On the other hand, polycondensation is a specific type of polymerization where the reaction involves the elimination of small molecules, such as water or alcohol, as byproducts. This means that in polycondensation, the polymer is formed through the condensation of two different functional groups, leading to the release of a small molecule.

  • How can branching occur in a radical polymerization?

    Branching can occur in radical polymerization when a polymer chain reacts with a monomer to form a new chain, resulting in the formation of a branch point. This can happen when a growing polymer chain reacts with a monomer that has multiple reactive sites, leading to the formation of a branch. Additionally, termination reactions can also lead to branching when two growing polymer chains react with each other, forming a branched structure. Branching can impact the properties of the polymer, such as its mechanical and thermal properties, and can be controlled by adjusting the reaction conditions and monomer structure.

  • What are the main differences between polymerization and polycondensation?

    Polymerization is a process in which monomers are linked together to form a polymer without the formation of any byproducts, while polycondensation is a process in which two different monomers react to form a polymer along with the release of small molecules like water or alcohol. In polymerization, the reaction typically involves the same type of monomers, leading to a linear or branched polymer structure, whereas polycondensation involves the reaction of different monomers, resulting in a more complex polymer structure. Additionally, polymerization is often a faster process compared to polycondensation, which can be slower due to the release of byproducts.

  • What is polymer chemistry and how does polymerization work?

    Polymer chemistry is the study of macromolecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers. These macromolecules, known as polymers, have a wide range of applications in everyday life, including plastics, rubber, fibers, and adhesives. Polymerization is the process by which monomers are chemically bonded together to form a polymer. This can occur through various mechanisms, such as addition polymerization, where monomers add to each other to form a polymer chain, or condensation polymerization, where monomers react to eliminate small molecules like water or alcohol to form a polymer. The resulting polymer can have different properties depending on the type of monomers and the polymerization process used.

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