Products related to Rationality:
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Economic Rationality
Economics used to be called political economy, and the loss of the “political” tracks the ascendance of the idea of rational choice within the discipline.Where does this idea of economic rationality – choosing to maximize benefits and minimize costs – come from?What are the consequences of its rise? In this new book, Stephen Engelmann assesses these questions through a consideration of the often-hidden links between choice and government, ranging from the Benthamic utilitarianism that inspired modern economics to the contemporary economic psychologists trying to nudge everyone to choose more rationally.Multiple global crises are exposing how deficient economic rationality is as a political theory, since a focus on choice turns actors away from relations in the common.Political economy once targeted aristocratic rule – heralding a politics and ethics of egalitarian self-command and spurring democratic reform – but economics allows domination and forecloses alternatives to it. This accessible volume will be of interest to students and scholars of politics and economics, and to general readers concerned about the various ways that psychology and management have infiltrated our politics.
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Rationality and Freedom
Rationality and freedom are among the most profound and contentious concepts in philosophy and the social sciences.In two volumes on rationality, freedom, and justice, the distinguished economist and philosopher Amartya Sen brings clarity and insight to these difficult issues.This volume--the first of the two--is principally concerned with rationality and freedom. Sen scrutinizes and departs from the standard criteria of rationality, and shows how it can be seen in terms of subjecting one's values as well as choices to the demands of reason and critical scrutiny.This capacious approach is utilized to illuminate the demands of rationality in individual choice (including decisions under uncertainty) as well as social choice (including cost benefit analysis and environmental assessment). Identifying a reciprocity in the relationship between rationality and freedom, Sen argues that freedom cannot be assessed independently of a person's reasoned preferences and valuations, just as rationality, in turn, requires freedom of thought.Sen uses the discipline of social choice theory (a subject he has helped to develop) to illuminate the demands of reason and the assessment of freedom.The latter is the subject matter of Sen's previously unpublished Arrow Lectures included here. The essays in these volumes contribute to Sen's ongoing transformation of economic theory and social philosophy, and to our understanding of the connections among rationality, freedom, and social justice.
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Handbook of Rationality
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Beyond Rationality : Behavioral Political Science in the 21st Century
How and why do people make political decisions? This book is the first to present a unified framework of the Behavioral Political Science paradigm. – BPS presents a range of psychological approaches to understanding political decision-making.The integration of these approaches with Rational Choice Theory provides students with a comprehensible paradigm for understanding current political events around the world.Presented in nontechnical language and enlivened with a wealth of real-world examples, this is an ideal core text for a one-semester courses in political science, American government, political psychology, or political behavior.It can also supplement a course in international relations or public policy.
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Can one unlearn rationality?
Rationality is a fundamental aspect of critical thinking and decision-making, so it is not something that can be easily unlearned. However, individuals can be influenced by emotions, biases, and external factors that may cloud their rational judgment. In these cases, it is possible for individuals to work on recognizing and addressing these influences in order to improve their rationality. Through self-awareness, education, and practice, individuals can strengthen their rational thinking skills and make more informed and logical decisions.
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Why is rationality criticized by society?
Rationality is often criticized by society because it can be seen as cold, unemotional, and lacking in empathy. Some people believe that rationality can lead to a lack of understanding and consideration for others' feelings and experiences. Additionally, rationality can be seen as limiting creativity and innovation, as it may prioritize logic and reason over intuition and imagination. Finally, some argue that an overemphasis on rationality can lead to a narrow-minded and inflexible approach to problem-solving, ignoring the complexities of human behavior and emotions.
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How much rationality is there in anger?
Anger is often seen as an emotional response that can cloud rational thinking. However, there can be some rationality in anger as it may be triggered by perceived injustices or violations of one's boundaries. In these cases, anger can serve as a signal that something is wrong and prompt individuals to take action to address the issue. It is important for individuals to acknowledge and understand their anger in order to respond to it in a constructive and rational manner.
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What does Max Weber understand by rationality?
Max Weber understands rationality as a mode of thinking and decision-making that is based on logical reasoning, calculation, and efficiency. He distinguishes between two types of rationality: substantive rationality, which is focused on achieving specific goals or values, and formal rationality, which is concerned with the most efficient means to achieve those goals. Weber also discusses the concept of rationalization, which refers to the increasing dominance of formal rationality in modern society, leading to the bureaucratization and rationalization of social and economic life. Overall, Weber sees rationality as a key driving force in modern society, shaping the way individuals and institutions operate.
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The Nature of Rationality
Repeatedly and successfully, the celebrated Harvard philosopher Robert Nozick has reached out to a broad audience beyond the confines of his discipline, addressing ethical and social problems that matter to every thoughtful person.Here Nozick continues his search for the connections between philosophy and "ordinary" experience.In the lively and accessible style that his readers have come to expect, he offers a bold theory of rationality, the one characteristic deemed to fix humanity's "specialness." What are principles for? asks Nozick. We could act simply on whim, or maximize our self-interest and recommend that others do the same.As Nozick explores rationality of decision and rationality of belief, he shows how principles actually function in our day-to-day thinking and in our efforts to live peacefully and productively with each other.Throughout, the book combines daring speculations with detailed investigations to portray the nature and status of rationality and the essential role that imagination plays in this singular human aptitude.
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Rationality and Time Bias
We often care not only about what happens to us, but when it happens to us.We prefer that good experiences happen sooner, rather than later, and that our suffering lies in our past, rather than our future.Common sense suggests that some ways of caring about time are rational, and others are not, but it is surprisingly challenging to provide justifying explanations for these tendencies.This Element is an opinionated, non-technical guided tour through the main philosophical issues about the relevance of the temporal location of our experiences to our desires and our choices, and the major arguments for and against different kinds of so-called time bias.
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Rationality and Time Bias
We often care not only about what happens to us, but when it happens to us.We prefer that good experiences happen sooner, rather than later, and that our suffering lies in our past, rather than our future.Common sense suggests that some ways of caring about time are rational, and others are not, but it is surprisingly challenging to provide justifying explanations for these tendencies.This Element is an opinionated, non-technical guided tour through the main philosophical issues about the relevance of the temporal location of our experiences to our desires and our choices, and the major arguments for and against different kinds of so-called time bias.
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Before Tomorrow : Epigenesis and Rationality
Is contemporary continental philosophy making a break with Kant?The structures of knowledge, taken for granted since Kant?s Critique of Pure Reason, are now being called into question: the finitude of the subject, the phenomenal given, a priori synthesis.Relinquish the transcendental: such is the imperative of postcritical thinking in the 21st century. Questions that we no longer thought it possible to ask now reemerge with renewed vigor: can Kant really maintain the difference between a priori and innate?Can he deduce, rather than impose, the categories, or justify the necessity of nature?Recent research into brain development aggravates these suspicions, which measure transcendental idealism against the thesis of a biological origin for cognitive processes. In her important new book Catherine Malabou lays out Kant?s response to his posterity.True to its subject, the book evolves as an epigenesis ? the differentiated growth of the embryo ? for, as those who know how to read critical philosophy affirm, this is the very life of the transcendental and contains the promise of its transformation.
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What is the pseudo-rationality about Asperger's autists?
Pseudo-rationality in the context of Asperger's autists refers to the tendency for individuals with Asperger's syndrome to exhibit a strong adherence to logic and reason, often at the expense of social and emotional understanding. This can manifest as a focus on factual information and a preference for clear, concrete rules and systems. While this pseudo-rationality can be a strength in certain contexts, it can also lead to difficulties in understanding and navigating social interactions and emotions. It's important to recognize and support the unique strengths and challenges of individuals with Asperger's syndrome.
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How can one easily explain Habermas's communicative rationality?
One can easily explain Habermas's communicative rationality by understanding it as a theory that emphasizes the importance of communication and dialogue in the formation of rational consensus. According to Habermas, communicative rationality is achieved through open and inclusive discourse, where individuals engage in rational argumentation and seek mutual understanding. This process allows for the negotiation of differing perspectives and the development of shared norms and values. Ultimately, communicative rationality aims to create a more just and democratic society by fostering rational communication and decision-making.
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How can one maintain rationality when feeling angry?
When feeling angry, it is important to take a step back and try to understand the source of the anger. This can help in identifying any irrational thoughts or beliefs that may be fueling the anger. It is also helpful to practice deep breathing or other relaxation techniques to calm the mind and body. Additionally, seeking support from a trusted friend or therapist can provide a different perspective and help in maintaining rationality. Finally, taking time to reflect on the situation and consider the potential consequences of acting on the anger can also aid in maintaining rationality.
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Have you acted out of reasons of rationality?
As an AI language model, I do not have personal experiences or emotions, so I do not act out of reasons of rationality or any other motivations. My responses are generated based on patterns in the data I have been trained on and are designed to provide helpful and informative answers to the best of my ability.
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