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Polarization Dynamics of Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers : Science, Technology, and Applications
This book provides a comprehensive review of the latest research on the science, technology, and applications of mode-locked fiber lasers generating pulse trains with the evolving state of polarization at time scales ranging from a few pulse widths to 10,000 laser cavity round-trip times.It supports readers with a timely source of information on the current novel scientific concepts, and cost-effective schematics, in addition to an overview of the feasible applications. The book aims to demonstrate for the nonlinear science community a newly emerging field of nonlinear science, and so stimulates the development of new theoretical approaches and opens new horizons for the photonics community by pushing boundaries of the existing laser systems towards new applications.The new classes of optical sources and photonic devices explored in this book will be relevant with applications to other fields, including medicine, bio-photonics, metrology, and environmental safety. Key Features• Provides a cutting edge review of the latest emerging science, technology and applications in the field. • Tackles a topic with fast growing interest in USA, Europe and China. • Explores the simple and cheap design and tests of lasers, and outlines the feasible applications.
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How Polarization Begets Polarization : Ideological Extremism in the US Congress
Extreme polarization in American politics--and especially in the U.S.Congress--is perhaps the most confounding political phenomenon of our time.This book binds together polarization in Congress and polarization in the electorate within an ever-expanding feedback loop.This loop is powered by the discipline exerted by the respective political parties on their Congressional members and district candidates and endorsed by the voters in each Congressional district who must choose between the alternatives offered.These alternatives are just as extreme in competitive as in lop-sided districts.Tight national party discipline produces party delegations in Congress that are widely separated from one another but each ideologically narrowly distributed.As district constituencies become more polarized and are egged on by activists, parties are further motivated to move past a threshold and appeal to their respective bases rather than to voters in the ideological center.America has indeed acquired parties with clear platforms--once thought to be a desirable goal--but these parties are now feuding camps.What resolution might there be? Just as the progressive movement slowly replaced the Gilded Age, might a new reform effort replace the current squabble? Or could an asymmetry develop in the partisan constraints that would lead to ascendancy of the center, or might a new and over-riding issue generate a cross-cutting dimension, opening the door to a new politics?Only the future will tell.
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100% Titanium Polarization Sunglasses Super Light Brand Designer Polarization Sun Glasses Rimless
100% Titanium Polarization Sunglasses Super Light Brand Designer Polarization Sun Glasses Rimless
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National Identity and Partisan Polarization
National Identity Identity and Partisan Polarization examines how national identity has become a central issue in political and social life across the world.Questions of identity--who should be counted as a "true member" of a society and who deserves assistance from the government--have displaced other social and economic issues across nations in many countries.This study considers the role of identity theoretically and in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Austria, Germany, Sweden, Hungary, Poland, Israel, and Taiwan.Identity varies over time and over countries. Some such as Sweden have a more "inclusive" sense of identity--one does not need to be born in the country or have ancestry to be considered a "true Swede." Other countries, such as Austria, France, Hungary, Poland, Israel, and Taiwan, have a more "exclusive" notion of identity--where one was born and a common heritage (race, religion, ethnicity) are seen as essential for seeing others as "true" members of society. "Outsiders" are viewed negatively, often as threatening a national culture and not deserving of government assistance.In the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, the major political parties take opposing positions on identity.In the United States and the United Kingdom, issues of identity have become highly correlated (polarized) with social and economic issues.In the former Communist countries of Hungary and Poland, the dominant parties have taken nationalist positions on identity but favor generous welfare policies for people of their own background.In Israel and Taiwan, social and economic issues have become less important than nationalism.
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The Biden Presidency : Politics, Policy, and Polarization
This book is among the first serious looks at the first 18 months of the Biden administration and its many challenges.From a tortured transition to a raging pandemic, a fragile economy, and the threat of international insecurity, Joe Biden entered office at a time even more fraught than that he faced as a new vice president.Confronting a nation divided sharply along political, cultural, and sociodemographic lines, Biden and Kamala Harris promised to unify the country, change the tone in Washington, mend fences with allies, and “build back better” a world assailed from stem to stern.This book assesses the successes and shortfalls of the Biden administration’s first 18 months in office, putting all in perspective of the current state of democracy in America.Intended to introduce students of American government to the person (Biden) and the institution (presidency) within a particular system (separation of powers), this book will appeal broadly to citizens, media, and general interest readers in the United States and abroad.
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Brexit, Tweeted : Polarization and Social Media Manipulation
Dissecting 45 million tweets from the period that followed the Brexit referendum, this book presents an extensive analysis of social media manipulation.The book examines emerging changes in partisan politics, nationalist and populist values, as well as broader societal changes that are feeding into polarization and echo-chamber communication.It pulls the curtain back on the techniques employed to interfere with, and potentially distort, the public discussion. Making complex data accessible to non-technical audiences, this unique post-mortem of the Brexit referendum contributes to our understanding of social media disinformation in the UK and beyond.
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Handbook of Research on Science Teacher Education
This groundbreaking handbook offers a contemporary and thorough review of research relating directly to the preparation, induction, and career long professional learning of K–12 science teachers. Through critical and concise chapters, this volume provides essential insights into science teacher education that range from their learning as individuals to the programs that cultivate their knowledge and practices.Each chapter is a current review of research that depicts the area, and then points to empirically based conclusions or suggestions for science teacher educators or educational researchers.Issues associated with equity are embedded within each chapter.Drawing on the work of over one hundred contributors from across the globe, this handbook has 35 chapters that cover established, emergent, diverse, and pioneering areas of research, including: Research methods and methodologies in science teacher education, including discussions of the purpose of science teacher education research and equitable perspectives; Formal and informal teacher education programs that span from early childhood educators to the complexity of preparation, to the role of informal settings such as museums; Continuous professional learning of science teachers that supports building cultural responsiveness and teacher leadership; Core topics in science teacher education that focus on teacher knowledge, educative curricula, and working with all students; and Emerging areas in science teacher education such as STEM education, global education, and identity development. This comprehensive, in-depth text will be central to the work of science teacher educators, researchers in the field of science education, and all those who work closely with science teachers.
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Pioneering Progress : American Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy
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